bnss law crimes 1st notes

Law of Crimes-II (BNSS) – 1st Mid Examination Notes

Source: Pavan Law Chambers Blog

---

Part A: Short Notes

1. Appeal

An appeal is a legal right by which a higher court reviews a decision of a lower court. It is not an inherent right but a statutory one provided under Chapter XXX of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS). The objective is to ensure justice and correct any legal or factual errors made by the trial court.

2. Warrant Case

As per Section 2(1)(y) of the BNSS, a warrant case relates to offences punishable with death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment exceeding two years. The procedure is more detailed than that of a summons case to protect the rights of the accused.

3. Cognizable and Non-Cognizable Offences

• Cognizable: Police can arrest without warrant and start investigation (e.g., murder, theft).
• Non-Cognizable: Police cannot arrest or investigate without Magistrate’s permission (e.g., cheating, simple assault).

4. Proclamation and Attachments

• Proclamation (Section 84): Issued when an accused is absconding.
• Attachment (Section 85): If the accused fails to appear, their property can be attached and sold by the state.

Part B: Descriptive Answers

1. Hierarchy and Constitution of Criminal Courts

The BNSS (Chapter II) defines India’s criminal court structure:

• Supreme Court: Apex court with appellate powers.
• High Courts: Highest court of appeal in the state.
• Sessions Courts: Handle serious offences. (Sessions Judge, Additional & Assistant Sessions Judges).
• Judicial Magistrates: Handle trials for less severe offences (CJM, ACJM, JMFC, JMSC).
• Executive Magistrates: Maintain law and order (DM, ADM, SDM).

2. Bail and Its Procedure

Bail means the conditional release of an accused person. As per the Supreme Court ruling in State of Rajasthan v. Balchand, “Bail is the rule, jail is the exception.”

Bail Procedures:

• Bailable Offence (Sec 480): Right of the accused; police or court must grant bail.
• Non-Bailable Offence (Sec 481 & 483): Discretionary; court considers the severity and risk factors.
• Anticipatory Bail (Sec 482): Pre-arrest bail; granted by Sessions Court or High Court (as in Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab).

Part C: Problem-Based Questions

1. Entitlement to Maintenance from ‘A’

• Concubine (Q): Not entitled (not a legally wedded wife).
• Mother: Entitled under Section 144(1)(d).
• Illegitimate Child: Entitled under Section 144(1)(b).
• Married Daughter (D): Not entitled — responsibility shifts to husband.

2. Trial and Punishment for 3 Offences

Under Section 243 BNSS, up to three offences of the same kind can be tried together in a single trial. Here:

• Two Non-Cognizable Offences: Tried via private complaint before Magistrate.
• One Compoundable Offence: Can be settled between victim and accused (Section 357 BNSS). Upon compromise, the accused is acquitted for that charge.

Conclusion: The accused can be tried together for all three offences. The compoundable offence leads to acquittal upon settlement, while punishment continues for the other two.

---

తెలుగు వెర్షన్ (Telugu Version)

శీర్షిక: లా ఆఫ్ క్రైమ్స్-II (BNSS) – 1వ మిడ్ నోట్స్ | అప్పీలు, బెయిల్, కోర్టుల నిర్మాణం, మెయింటెనెన్స్, ట్రయల్స్

సంక్షిప్త వివరణ:

ఈ వ్యాసం ద్వారా BNSS (భారతీయ నగరిక సురక్షా సంహిత) లోని ముఖ్యమైన అంశాలు – అప్పీలు, వారెంట్ కేసులు, బెయిల్ విధానం, కోర్టుల హైరార్కీ, మెయింటెనెన్స్ హక్కులు మరియు ట్రయల్ విధానం గురించి వివరంగా తెలుసుకోవచ్చు.

ముఖ్యాంశాలు:

• అప్పీల్ హక్కు చట్టపరమైనది; సహజ హక్కు కాదు.
• వారెంట్ కేసులు తీవ్రమైన నేరాలకు సంబంధించినవి.
• బెయిల్ అంటే తాత్కాలిక విడుదల; “బెయిల్ రూల్ – జైలు ఎక్సెప్షన్.”
• మెయింటెనెన్స్ హక్కు: తల్లి, అక్రమ సంతానం అర్హులు.
• కాంపౌండబుల్ నేరం: రాజీ కుదిరితే విడుదల.

📚 ఈ నోట్స్ లా విద్యార్థులకు మరియు BNSS పరీక్షలకు ఉపయోగకరంగా ఉంటాయి.

---

📖 Posted by Pavan Law Chambers | Legal Education & Case Law Updates