Law of Crimes-II (BNSS) 2nd Mid Notes | Anticipatory Bail, Parole, FIR, Investigation & Maintenance

Law of Crimes-II (BNSS) – 2nd Mid Examination Notes

Source: Pavan Law Chambers Blog

mid2

Part A: Short Answer Questions


1. Anticipatory Bail

Anticipatory bail is a pre-arrest legal safeguard under Section 482 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS). It is a direction from a higher court (High Court or Court of Session) to release a person on bail in case of arrest for a non-bailable offence. The purpose is to prevent harassment and wrongful detention. The court considers factors like the seriousness of the accusation, the applicant’s past record, and the likelihood of absconding before granting relief.


2. Parole

Parole is the temporary and conditional release of a convicted prisoner before the end of their sentence. It is an administrative act, not a judicial one, governed by state prison rules. Parole is granted for valid reasons like illness, family emergencies, or rehabilitation needs. Unlike furlough, parole is granted for a specific cause and is not a matter of right.



3. Investigation

According to Section 2(l) of BNSS, investigation means all proceedings conducted by the police or any authorized person to collect evidence related to an offence. It starts after lodging an FIR and involves visiting the crime scene, arresting suspects, and collecting evidence. The final step is submitting the charge sheet (police report) under Section 193 BNSS.


4. First Information Report (FIR)

The FIR is the first step in the criminal justice process, governed by Section 173 BNSS. It records information regarding a cognizable offence. If reported orally, it must be written, read out, and signed by the informant. A copy must be given free of cost. BNSS also introduces Zero FIR (lodged at any station regardless of jurisdiction) and e-FIR (digital registration).



Part B: Descriptive Questions

1. Arrest and Conditions for Arrest Without Warrant

Arrest means restraining a person’s liberty under legal authority to ensure their presence during investigation or trial. Section 35 of BNSS authorizes police to arrest without a warrant under specific conditions, such as:

  • When the offence is cognizable and committed in their presence.
  • When there is credible information or reasonable suspicion of involvement in a cognizable offence.
  • When the offence is punishable with imprisonment of 7+ years or death.
  • When the person is a proclaimed offender or found with stolen property.
  • When the person obstructs a police officer or escapes lawful custody.
  • When suspected of desertion from armed forces or required by another officer for arrest.


2. Maintenance of Wife, Children, and Parents

The BNSS (Sections 144–147, Chapter X) provides for maintenance to prevent destitution. It allows wives, children (legitimate or illegitimate), and parents who cannot maintain themselves to claim maintenance from a person with sufficient means who neglects or refuses to support them.

Procedure:

  • Application filed before a Judicial Magistrate First Class.
  • Filed in a district where the husband/person resides, or where wife/parents live.
  • Court may grant interim maintenance during proceedings.
  • Failure to comply can lead to imprisonment up to one month.


Part C: Case-Based Questions

1. Wife’s Claim for Maintenance in Gulbarga

Under Section 145(1) BNSS, maintenance proceedings can be filed: (a) where the husband is, (b) where the wife resides, or (c) where they last resided together. Since the husband lives in Gulbarga and the wife in Bangalore, she can legally file in either jurisdiction. Hence, her claim in Gulbarga is valid.


2. Remedies Available to ‘X’ for Illegal Custody and Police Brutality

Detaining X for 7 days without producing him before a Magistrate violates Section 58 BNSS and Article 21 of the Constitution. Remedies include:

1. Constitutional Remedies

  • Writ of Habeas Corpus: To challenge illegal detention under Article 32 (Supreme Court) or Article 226 (High Court).
  • Compensation: For violation of Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21.


2. Criminal Proceedings

  • Private Complaint: Before Magistrate under Section 223 BNSS for offences like wrongful confinement or assault under BNS.
  • FIR: Can be lodged against erring police officers; if refused, complaint can be escalated to SP or Magistrate.

3. Human Rights & Administrative Remedies

  • File complaint before NHRC or SHRC for violation of human rights.
  • Request departmental inquiry against the concerned police officers.


తెలుగు వెర్షన్ (Telugu Version)

శీర్షిక: లా ఆఫ్ క్రైమ్స్-II (BNSS) – 2వ మిడ్ నోట్స్ | యాంటిసిపేటరీ బెయిల్, పారోల్, ఎఫ్‌ఐఆర్, అరెస్ట్, మెయింటెనెన్స్


సంక్షిప్త వివరణ:

ఈ నోట్స్‌లో BNSS (భారతీయ నగరిక సురక్షా సంహిత) లోని ముఖ్యమైన అంశాలు — యాంటిసిపేటరీ బెయిల్, పారోల్, ఎఫ్‌ఐఆర్, విచారణ, అరెస్ట్ షరతులు, మరియు భార్య, పిల్లలు, తల్లిదండ్రుల మెయింటెనెన్స్ హక్కులు వివరించబడ్డాయి.


ముఖ్యాంశాలు:

  • యాంటిసిపేటరీ బెయిల్: అరెస్ట్‌కు ముందే రక్షణ.
  • పారోల్: ఖైదీకి తాత్కాలిక విడుదల – హక్కు కాదు, సౌకర్యం.
  • ఎఫ్‌ఐఆర్ & విచారణ: న్యాయ ప్రక్రియకు మొదటి దశ.
  • అరెస్ట్ షరతులు: సెక్షన్ 35 BNSS ప్రకారం.
  • మెయింటెనెన్స్: భార్య, పిల్లలు, తల్లిదండ్రుల ఆర్థిక భద్రత కోసం చట్ట పరిరక్షణ.


కేస్ ఆధారిత ప్రశ్నలు:

  • గుల్బర్గా కేస్‌లో భార్య తన మెయింటెనెన్స్ క్లెయిమ్‌ను గుల్బర్గాలో దాఖలు చేయడం చట్టపరంగా సరైనది.
  • ఎక్స్‌పై పోలీస్ దుర్వినియోగం – హేబియస్ కార్పస్ రిట్, పరిహారం, హ్యూమన్ రైట్స్ కంప్లైంట్‌లు అందుబాటులో ఉన్నాయి.

📚 ఈ నోట్స్ లా విద్యార్థులకు BNSS పరీక్షా సిద్ధతలో ఎంతో ఉపయోగకరంగా ఉంటాయి.

📖 Posted by Pavan Law Chambers | Legal Education • Case Law Summaries • BNSS Updates